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Despite empirical psychologists’ nominal endorsement of a low rate of false-positive findings (≤ .05), flexibility in data collection, analysis, and reporting dramatically increases actual false-positive rates. In many cases, a researcher is more likely to falsely find evidence that an effect exists than to correctly find evidence that it does not.

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Как пишет Gelman

We’ve all known for a long time that a p-value of 0.05 doesn’t really mean 0.05. Maybe it really means 0.1 or 0.2. But, as this paper demonstrates, that p=.05 can often mean nothing at all.