vit_r: default (Default)
[personal profile] vit_r
statmodeling_stat_columbia_edu_2021-05-19_2020-what-happened_generations_2008_to_2020

USA2020 как смена поколений

В статистике главное -- правильные картинки. На этой картинке всё прекрасно видно. И почему цукербрин, и почему Трамп проиграл (получить при таких вводных меньше 70% списочного состава -- это проигрышь, что бы там не говорили любители подбирать объедки), и что Америке в будущем светит.

Тут важно понимать, что картинки учёные рисуют для того, чтобы "предсказывать выборы". Но, если правильно их рассматривать, картинки эти показывают, что нужно сделать, чтобы сменить Американскую Мечту социалистической парадигмой.

Немного особенно полезных цитат.

Сначала из самой статьи:
In 2020, we estimate that 44% of white voters supported Biden, up from 41% in 2016. Most of this was driven by gains he made among white college voters, as explored in more detail below. On the other hand, while support levels among voters of color remained high, they dropped overall, with the biggest drops coming among Latino voters.

[...]

In 2012, 46% of white college voters supported President Obama. We show a 4-point swing towards Clinton in 2016, some of which was certainly a backlash against Trump (other datasets show an even larger 2012-2016 swing), a continued swing towards House Democrats in 2018 (to 54% support), and a continued 54% level of support for Biden in 2020. White college women, who were evenly split in 2012, have been at 55% Democratic support or higher in the past three elections, topping out at 58% in 2020. While the levels of support among White College Men (50% Biden support in 2020), Urban White (66%), and Suburban White (46%) differ, the trends all point in the same direction, i.e., a substantial portion of this constituency moving solidly towards Democrats in the Trump era.

[...]

We should emphasize that college education is not the only way to capture class [! - vit_r], wealth or relative affluence. For instance, there are many relatively well off small business owners who vote Republican and have no college degree. Similarly, there are many teachers with advanced degrees who support Democrats and are underpaid compared to their highly-educated peers.

[...]

It is unclear exactly where to draw the line to define an area as rural, suburban, or urban, but here we can see that simple population density is strongly predictive of partisan preferences.

[...]

NEW GENERATION OF VOTERS

The 2020 election was historic in its level of voter turnout. When we look at composition of the electorate by age, we see a slight increase in the percent of the electorate under the age of 30, going from 15% in 2016 to 16% in 2020. While this increase directionally lines up with what we would expect, the change seems modest given the circumstances.

It turns out that looking at composition by age substantially understates the magnitude of the change in this election. Age data can be confusing because substantial portions of the electorate "age out" from one group into another. For instance, 6% of voters were between the ages of 30 and 33 in 2020, meaning they moved from the 18-29 group, a common cutoff for discussing "young" voters, to the 30-44 group.

[...]

We can see what is happening more clearly by looking at birth year or generation. In short, 2020 accelerated a massive change in the composition of the electorate, with Millennials and Gen Z taking an increasingly prominent role in the future of American elections – a demographic change that is functionally permanent. Figure 16 shows the data year-by-year. Turnout increases were clearly largest among the youngest generation. In terms of raw number of votes, Gen Z increased their total from 2016 by nearly 300%, since many were under 18 and therefore ineligible in 2016. Millennials were the second largest increase at 27%. The turnout increases by generation continue to decline from there. The "break even" point is around age 70, with people born in the 1940s or earlier declining in terms of raw number of votes.

[...]

2020 continued the natural and expected generational turnover from election to election, slightly accelerating it due to the historic levels of turnout. Figure 17 shows the change over the last four Presidential elections. In 2008, even with high levels of young voter engagement for President Obama's first election, Millennials accounted for only 14% of the electorate, while the Baby Boomers and older group accounted for over 60% of the electorate. Those numbers have been steadily changing over time. By this past election, the youngest two generations represent nearly one out of three voters, while the older generations (still the plurality) are down to 44% of voters.

[...]

Figure 19 shows these numbers in key battleground states, highlighting important differences across the country. The bottom line is that the number of new voters is substantially higher across the Sunbelt, particularly in the Southwest. [(-_^) - vit_r] In both Nevada and Arizona, about 20% of voters were true first-time voters, compared to 14% nationally. If we look at the overall turnover from the last presidential election to now, over 35% of the voting electorate is different in these two states, i.e., new presidential voters. Texas, Georgia, Florida, and North Carolina all have new voter rates that are at or above the national average, too. Michigan's rates are near the national average, but there appears to be less turnover in the other Midwest battleground states and New Hampshire.

The fact that new voting rates are higher in the South and West is fairly unsurprising, considering those states' migration rates and demographics. But the magnitude of these changes is poorly understood: we don't think many people realize that state-level turnover from one Presidential election to the next can be as high as 35% or more. We think this has important and wide-ranging implications to election analysis, and deserves a great deal of further scrutiny and analysis.

Теперь немного из обсуждения статьи:
1. This was the most diverse electorate ever. The voting electorate continues to become more diverse, and 2020 was the most racially diverse electorate ever. This was due to big turnout increases in communities of color, particularly among Latino and Asian voters. The electorate was 72% white, compared to 74% white in 2016 and 77% white in 2008. This composition shift comes mostly from the decline of white voters without a college degree, who have dropped from 51% of the electorate in 2008 to 44% in 2020.

7. [...] White college-educated women in particular have shifted against Trump, moving from 50% Democratic support in 2012 to 58% in 2020, a trend that began in 2016 and continued in 2018 and 2020.

8. Young voters drove record-breaking turnout. 2020's historic voter turnout gains were primarily driven by young voters. 18-29 year olds grew from 15% (2016) to 16% (2020) of the voting electorate, but the generational changes have been even more dramatic. Millennials and Gen Z now account for 31% of voters, up from 23% in 2016 and 14% in 2008.

[...]

9. New voters made a big difference, especially in Sunbelt swing states. [...] Nationally, 14% of voters were first-time voters, who we haven't seen vote in a previous even-year general election. This understates the change from 2016, however, due to many first-time 2018 voters and other sources of year-to-year turnover. When we compare state-by-state electorates from 2016 to 2020, 29% of voters were new presidential voters in their state in 2020. Some of these voters registered and voted for the first time in 2018, others were brand-new in 2020 or moved from out of state.
Yair Ghitza
If you look from 2008 to 2012, for example, you see almost no growth in # of votes among youngest generations (when voter turnout went down by 3 points overall, as percent of eligible population). The more general point is that if turnout goes up overall (as it did in 2020), older generations are already voting at higher rates and there's a ceiling effect, and the larger gains are among younger generations.

That may be obvious to you, but we've gotten a ton of feedback that this was totally unclear to other people. As a comparison, here's the % of electorate that are made up of young voters (18-29) in each of those elections, 2008 to 2020: 16%, 15%, 15%, 16%. The vast majority of people who study / think / write about elections think in those terms, and it looks like close to nothing is happening.

I agree that the growth in Gen Z looks really high because half of them were ineligible in 2016, and we say exactly that in the paper! I also agree that a lot of this is a natural progression as people age, but you'll (eventually) see that part of this was unique to the increased turnout in 2020.

jim
What does "of color" mean? I've never seen a list of sub groups that are included in this group. Is a "Latino" person white or "of color"? Is a Mexican person "Latino" or "Hispanic"? These terms are used as though they are all mutually exclusive subgroups but I don't think they are, so the comparisons could be misrepresented.

[...]

"White" people are all one race? The English and Italians and Russians? Are Lebanese and Palestinians "white", or "of color"? What about Arabs?

Andrew
Jim:

I think this is based on survey responses. "White" is a characterization that people can give to themselves (as with survey responses) or can be given from others (as in police reports). "White," "Black," etc., are conventionally referred to as races, but "race" does not have any precise definition. I sometimes define race as divisions of ethnicity that happen to be salient in current society. So, in the old days, English and Irish or Czech and Slovak used to be considered different races, but now they're considered to be ethnic groups, not races. Similarly, Americans typically think of Africans (or perhaps sub-Saharan Africans) as a single category, but there are lots of differences between people from different parts of sub-Saharan Africa.

So, the answer to your question, "White people are all one race?", is that it depends on the definition. According to the U.S. census, yes. When Yair or I write about how white people vote, we're typically talking about non-Hispanic whites, as defined by people's survey responses. Nothing deeper than that. I think that people from the Middle East are typically considered white in these definitions, even though Lebanon, Palestine, Iran, etc., are geographically in Asia.

Finally, I'm not 100% sure how Yair is using the phrase "of color," but I'm guessing he's referring to everyone who's not non-Hispanic white. Again, nothing magic about these definitions, and, indeed, if you look at the report you'll see lots of discussion about how these are not monolithic blocs.

jim
Great thanks Andrew.

As I was writing that comment it occurred to me that there's probably a standard among demographers / poly sci people (which is I guess what you described) for how these terms are used, in which case I would just be out of the loop.

Yair
Yep this is correct, it is based on self-reported data, and "voters of color" include everyone except white voters. I agree all of these groups shouldn't be treated as a monolith, and in the report we separate things out into particular racial groups in many places! But sometimes it makes sense to group things together (with further details after that), so that's the terminology we used. FWIW in the past I've written reports that label that group as "non-white," but have gotten feedback that is even worse.

Probably worth adding some specifics on a few points. One complication is that some self-reported data (surveys, registration forms) uses two questions to identify race — one question about race (White, Black, etc), and a second question asking whether the respondent is "of Hispanic origin," with everybody saying yes to the latter coded as Hispanic. Alternatively, a single race question is sometimes used with "Hispanic" as one of the choices. The "single question" format typically results in a smaller estimate for Hispanic, and a higher one for White, because some people of Hispanic origin self-identify as White given this forced choice.

Multi-racial is also complicated, because some surveys code multi-racial respondents as "Other race" and some choose one, for instance saying anybody who is both black and white are labeled as black.

For us, we use self-reported data from voter registration forms where available (21% of registered voters), and then a model to approximate otherwise. The model is trained on a mix of these types of questions (we may change that in the future and just choose one coding scheme to be clear on these rules). That may be part of the reason we are a point or two higher on % white than the Current Population Survey (another popular data source for understanding composition of the electorate).

It's a tough question to figure out what is the "right" number because of those complications — see here for an academic study arguing that the CPS has some problems on this front: https://www.bernardfraga.com/s/CPS_AFS_2021.pdf

Andrew
Somebody:

1. No, "of color" does not mean "anyone who can't pass as a WASP." As I said in my comment to Jim, I think it refers to everyone who in their survey responses do not call themselves non-Hispanic white. This includes lots of people who would never pass as a WASP.

[...]

Regarding point #2: This sort of thing is why Yair did this report in the first place. You can learn a lot from the numbers! Sometimes what you've heard somewhere, or you think is true, isn't. (Of course their report could have mistakes too. My point here is that we can often learn from data, beyond what we might think based on guessing and stories.)

Phil
[...] To me the big story here is the one they instantly dismiss: the share of younger voters did not increase (defining 'younger' very generously to include everyone under 30). Every election we hear that the Democrats are energizing younger people, who are fed up with the lack of opportunities and the high student debt loads yada yada, and every election the dreams of a massive youth turnout fail to be realized.

Andrew
Phil:
Sure, but the difference here, compared to 20 or more years ago, is that there's a huge gradient by age in how people vote. So replacing oldsters by youngsters will in itself have a large effect.

Dzhaughn
My counter-guess would be: leadership of both parties are posturing on elections to build favorable myths among their bases. Your sentence serves as a modest example of the mythical nature: non-falsifiability ("one reason" "so many"), application of a non-informative cliche ("not counting all the votes"), and the invocation of fear.

Of course, it is easy to find more extreme examples, on both sides.

Andrew
Dzhaughn:
It's not mythical at all. I just figured the readers of this blog are well enough informed not to need the details. Just look at the statements regarding the election coming from Donald Trump and Ted Cruz, for example, and look at what happened with Liz Cheney. "Going all-in on not counting all the votes" seems like an accurate description. This is not a cliche; unfortunately it's reality. As to "fear," yeah damn right I'm scared to have leaders of one of the country's two major political parties taking the side of people who were trying to nullify the election. Fear is how we react to scary things.

[...]

Ted Cruz, Donald Trump, etc., were supporting efforts to throw out thousands or millions of votes. The article I linked to explains that there is no evidence in favor of those claims. To say that fraud was "not proved" is to way understate the case here. "Not proved" could imply there is strong but not 100% convincing evidence, for example saying that it was "not proved" that O. J. Simpson killed two people. Regarding the claims of massive fraud, it would be more accurate to say there is "no evidence" or "no real evidence," in the same way that there is no evidence that child trafficking ever took place at Comet Ping Pong.

vit_r
This information is very interesting, but -- looking from the other side of the globe -- I have some questions about the results and about the methods of selection.

1. Only the white voters were divided into white college-educated and white without a college degree. Is the education level of non-white voters not interesting or not significant?

2. The division into white and not-white seems strange for the 21st century. Here, in Europe, I know a lot of mixed-race families. (AFAIK, the American scientists consider even the people from the Soviet Union as people of color.) Is the meaning of "voters of color" in the modern USA the same as the meaning of "working class" in the socialistic Soviet Union? (This means not racial and cultural identification but solely the state privileges and the right to take money from state programs.)

3. The selection of voters is not obvious and do not match with the realities of the 21st century. For instance, it would be interesting to know the distribution of the gender-swap voters. Also, the terms such as "White Married Women" can have today quite different meanings.

4. The shifts of a distribution of voters is difficult to read for people unfamiliar without the knowledge of the American demography. It would be nice to see the same distributions divided on the percentage of the groups in the whole population and in the voted population. It would be also nice to consider the demographics of immigration. I doubt that the new American citizens are evenly distributed across the ages (generations).

5. The division is not productive. This means, it cannot define the future policies. It is clear, that more college education means more college education debts and more votes for democrats. It is possible to make more precise claims? For instance, it is possible to find if the Millennials who have received a college degree but have failed to move to suburbs are more democratic than the more successful people from the same generation? Are Gen Z voters who stay in rural areas with parents more republican than the Gen Z voters who have moved to the cities to study in college? Etc.

Thanks again for sharing this information. I like it, and especially the explanations about the generation shifts.

Andrew
Vit:

"White," "Black," and "Hispanic" are survey responses. The survey organization just asks people their race and ethnicity and gives some options. There are some challenges with mixed-race reponses, and I'm not quite sure what pollsters do with these respondents.

We provide more breakdowns for whites because they represent the vast majority of voters, and because factors such as education are more predictive of vote choice among whites than among non-whites.

I don't quite know what you mean by "gender-swap voters," nor do I understand what you're saying about "white married women," as that category seems pretty clear to me.

Regarding your final questions: yes, it would be possible to look at further breakdowns of the voting population. Lots more can be said. I don't know how easy it would be to answer your question about voters who have moved, because I think most surveys don't ask this question.

vit_r
Thanks for your answer. As I have understood -- please correct me, if I am wrong -- the gender is also the result of free self-identifications. Transgenders and the people who do not identify themselves with men and women are not considered. The differences between "traditional" families and the more modern kinds of families are also ignored.

Further breakdowns of the young voters' would be interesting to see because these people will define the future.

Andrew
Vit:

So far surveys just ask people's sex or gender, and for estimating general public opinion these various unusual cases don't matter much because they represent such a small fraction of the population. In other settings, these cases can be more important, and we wrote an article about these challenges ["Using sex and gender in survey adjustment", Lauren Kennedy, Katharine Khanna, Daniel Simpson, Andrew Gelman, September 30, 2020]. I agree that this will be more of a big deal going forward.

Думаю, кому понятно, тому понятно, кто ничего не заметил, тому и объяснять неинтересно.

Наверно, стоит ещё процитировать из статьи.
We use the definitions provided by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (2020). [Canadian Institutes of Health Research. (2020). What is gender? What is sex? Retrieved September 13, 2020, from https://cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/48642.html]

Sex refers to a set of biological attributes in humans and animals. It is primarily associated with physical and physiological features including chromo- somes, gene expression, hormone levels and function, and reproductive/sexual anatomy.

Gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviours, expressions and identities of girls, women, boys, men, and gender diverse people. It influences how people perceive themselves and each other, how they act and interact, and the distribution of power and resources in society.


Ещё пару слов про gender-swap с точки зрения психологии.

Человек -- существо социальное и его поведение определяется не столько биологией, сколько личными установками и ожиданиями окружения. В случае слабой психики -- а она у европейской молодёжи сейчас ни к чёрту -- никакой сложности не представляет поменять личные установки и восприятие окружения. Понятно, что совсем нетривиальная задача убедить взрослого человека в чём-то неприемлимом, напримет в том, что он инопланетянин, Наполеон или курица. Но, если культурой уже заложены базовые страхи, поведение можно сдвинуть, в том числе и сексуальное поведение. Особенно, если речь идёт о детях.

Понятно, что в этом случае мы получаем постоянного приверженнца / приверженницу / приверженницо "прогрессивных сил", защищающих право на имплантированный "свободный выбор".

Понятно, что это самый нетривиальный пример, но он прекрасно демонстрирует направление движения. Если вас удивляет война против жуткого существа -- белого образованного мужчины --, то вспомните эту статистику и не удивляйтесь. Даже естественные процессы имеют свою внутреннюю логику. Часто, непостижимую даже для тех, кто этими процессами пытается управлять.

Причём, борьба с белым образованным мужчиной, сделавшим карьеру своими мозгами, необходима именно из за того, что большинству политиков таким людям просто нечего предложить. В отличие от всех Обиженных, которых можно купить защитой.

Мелочь только в том, что белый образованный мужчина с мозгами -- это основа НТР и технократической цивилизации, начавшей разрушаться в семедисятых годах прошлого века. (Можно считать переломным моментом конец программы "Апаллон" и свёртывание финанисирования НАСА.)

Я не утверждаю, что цивилизацию нельзя построить на другой основе. Но я не знаю, ни как это сделать, ни что это будет за цивилизация.

Чтобы не плодить лишних постов, напоследок про российские политтехнологии от [livejournal.com profile] sapojnik
[...] оба в неглиже, на кровати, все предельно недвусмысленно, да еще и сама Любовь [Соболь, которая соратница Навального] - женщина, как мы знаем, предельно простая и бесшабашная, как раз рассуждает (громко вслух) как она «любит» этого своего партнера (который как раз в это время ее цинично «сдает»).

[...]

Из более «старенького» - вспоминаем аналогичный заход перед прошлыми выборами в ГД, в 2016 году - когда было обнародовано видео любовных утех бывшего премьера Касьянова с Натальей Пелевиной, тоже на «специальной» квартире. Наивный экс-премьер попался как мальчишка - снял «квартиру для встреч» непосредственно у чекистов! Ну они и выложили - чем, безусловно, подорвали реноме Касьянова и через это - всей его партии «Демвыбор». Хотя и не скажешь, что русский народ как-то трепетно относится к «святости брака» - но тут, видимо, сработало другое: сам по себе вид достаточно пожилого человека без штанов делает его малость беспомощным и смешным, а народ ищет в своих лидерах прежде всего Силу.

Из еще более раннего, направленного «на дискредитацию оппозиции»: тут и вся серия с «Катей Муму» на рубеже «десятых» (жертвою пал прежде всего Шендерович - опять же представший в смешном виде; Лимонов и тот же Яшин скорее показали себя как опытные порно-актеры, и свое реноме только укрепили). И совсем уж мерзкая вещь - видео с подававшим надежды молодым политиком, заснятое в гостинице, где его просто застали… за занятием мастурбацией. Вроде бы - совсем уж ерунда, но не для нашего девственного электората: бедного парня выбили из колоды лет на 5-7, он только недавно начал опять всплывать (зацепился через «Эхо Москвы»). Через что подорвали? Да через "гы-гыгы", больше ничего.

Ну а восходит все это безобразие, конечно, к первым шагам В.В.Путина - когда он был еще сам во главе охранки, а не президентом: речь, конечно, об операции по снятию генпрокурора Скуратова - когда его заманили в некую сауну, где и засняли - опять без штанов - в компании целой толпы проституток. А потом (времена были простые, конец 90-х) эти - правда, крайне размытые, в плохом качестве (сделаем поправку на плохое оснащение тогдашних «органов» качественными средствами скрытой видеосъемки) - кадры с «развлечениями генпрокурора» просто показали… в программе «Вести». В самый прайм-тайм, с 8 до пол-девятого вечера, когда, как любят стенать блюстители морали, «еще все дети у экранов». Собственно, это и положило действительное начало карьере Путина - Семья поняла, что на этого чела можно положиться.

И от него же про российское пассивное избирательное право
Я в своем ЖЖ всю ту опупею живописал онлайн, кто хочет, может залезть в тот год и просмотреть. Смеху было реально много. Тогда пытался «показывать класс», как обычно, в пику Навальному, заодно и Максим Кац, тоже собирал «идеальные подписи»... Но итог все должны были усвоить, казалось бы, еще тогда. А именно – Система показала клыки и наглядно объяснила, что они отменяли избирательный залог и оставили ТОЛЬКО подписи вовсе не для каких-то там эстетических соображений. Цель была простая и грубая – уничтожить в стране пассивное избирательное право (право быть избранным), превратив его в привилегию; эта цель и была достигнута. В частности, в 2015 году из тех, кого поддерживала навальновская «идеальная машина», не зарегистрировали ВСЕХ. Придирки к подписям были специально образцово идиотские (знаменитая «Дарья Тимурович» - как раз из того времени), но цель была достигнута. Навальному показали, что его юристы в этой стране – ничто, пыль. Да и причина более чем очевидна: нет суда – не может быть и юристов. В отсутствие суда юрист – подлый человечек с бумажками, не более того.

[...]

А так мы помним, что в Москве всех «прорывавшихся по подписям» не просто не стали регистрировать, а еще и посадили. Люди отсидели в собянинских застенках по месяцу и по два – просто за то, что им не понравилось, как их «по беспределу» не допустили к выборам. Ну уж после этого вроде бы все должны были понять, что такое «подписи» в путинской РФ??

Нет, ни хрена. Оптимистами полнится русская земля. В этот раз «собирать подписи» взялся Роман Юнеман. Подошел к делу основательно – прямо как Навальный в 2015 году. Опять «создал суперкоманду сборщиков», насобирал и вложил немерянные бабки, привлек команду юристов (при слове «юрист» у меня всегда непроизвольно возникает улыбка) – и таки да, собрал аж 23 тысячи подписи (при необходимых 15 тыс.) Это – само по себе подвиг (напомню, что в 2019 году посадили 20 человек, за то, что они «не смогли собрать» всего по 5 тысяч подписей – в МГД ниже порог).

[...]

Так вот Юнеман насобирал аж 23 тысячи. Вообще – скажу как политтехнолог – цена сбора 1 подписи в Москве, да еще летом на жаре – никак не менее 1 тыс. руб. (включая сопутствующие расходы: там ведь работает целая команда – рекрутирует, собирает, контролирует, проверяет). Но ладно – поверим, что Юнеман достиг немыслимой эффективности и тратил всего 500 р.на подпись. Все равно – выходит, что потратил 11,5 млн. р. Целую московскую квартиру выбросил в никуда! Зато, как сам пишет, «моя команда тщательным образом прошерстила все 23 тысячи и выбрала из них 15 тысяч – самых образцовых!»

(дежавю какое-то – и Навальный, и Кац в 2015 году писали ровно то же самое буквально теми же самыми словами!)

[...]

Это сейчас, в августе, в разгар сезона отпусков, когда людей невозможно застать, а многие не хотят или боятся «связываться». Затея, заведомо обреченная на провал. А главное даже не это: это ведь всё из разряда «бунт на коленях». «Вы нас не хотите, пинаете сапогом, плюете нам на лысину – а мы вот такие упорные: хоть и на коленях, а приползем и нижайше попросим рассмотреть новые, исправленные по вашим высочайшим указаниям, бумажки».

Позор какой-то, прости господи. Очень напоминает белорусские «хождения» в белых тапочках по Минску – на которые лукашенковские манкурты отвечали ударами сапогами по яйцам. Они попрыгают на «повстанцах» - а те утром отряхнутся и идут вновь, только на этот раз уже не только в белых тапочках, но и с красными шариками.

Почему Россия не Америка? Потому что в Америке ещё не додумались, но скоро будет. Причём, не вручную, а цукербриновскими роботами.

Date: 2021-08-14 09:41 pm (UTC)
rampitec: (Default)
From: [personal profile] rampitec
Надежды довольно иллюзорны: или нам вакцинами моледжь-таки поубивают, или к нам случится невиданный наплыв беженцев из соцстран, которые социализм люто ненавидят. "Это вряд ли" (с) Сухов.

А прогресс да, остановился. Я же говорю, замок духовки. Натурально из эпохи Рейгана. Так и делают. И дома, и вообще всё. Не только Хаббл и Аресибо, но даже в бытовых мелочах. Как пошли развивать IT, так забросили всё остальное.

Date: 2021-08-15 08:33 am (UTC)
rampitec: (Default)
From: [personal profile] rampitec
Про IT не тебе мне рассказывать ;) Я конечно эту корову дою, но я ж не слепой.

И про страны СЭВ тоже верно: там даже оппозиция нынче не согласна только по аграрному вопросу, а так все социалисты. Кто хотел уехать, уже уехали, или их очень мало.

Так я и говорю: "это вряд ли!"

Тут такая проблема: раньше жили меньше, а изменения были медленнее. А сейчас мы доживаем до краха нашего мира.

Date: 2021-08-15 08:57 am (UTC)
rampitec: (Default)
From: [personal profile] rampitec
С рептилоидским приветом!
(deleted comment)

Date: 2021-08-15 09:35 am (UTC)
From: (Anonymous)
Это что получается, прирост голосователей до 1960 обусловлен миграцией и, скорее всего, цветной миграцией?)

Date: 2021-08-15 05:17 pm (UTC)
From: (Anonymous)
Хм, звучит логично!

Date: 2024-11-05 05:39 pm (UTC)
From: (Anonymous)
Не тем ли, всё же, что значительная часть молодёжи обвешана образовательными кредитами и понимает, что рост зарплат закончился, и жить она будет хуже, чем её родители в 70-е и 80-е, при том, что работать - больше?
На этом строилась агитация, например, Берни Сандерса, и его идея была - "разбудить спящую прослойку, которая уверена, что исправление положения в её интересах невозможно, и дать ей кандидата, говорящего от её имени, левого популиста, социалдемократа европейского образца, образца государства всеобщего благосостояния"?

Date: 2024-11-05 09:02 pm (UTC)
From: (Anonymous)
Bernie bros как раз таки не голосовали за Клинтон (что позволило Трампу выиграть), и очень нехотя голосовали за Байдена.

Youthquake, был такой термин - в итоге взлетел с 51% до 71% - число голосующих в прослойке 18-25 years old.

Profile

vit_r: default (Default)
vit_r

January 2026

S M T W T F S
    12 3
456 789 10
11121314151617
18192021222324
25262728293031

Most Popular Tags

Page Summary

Style Credit

Expand Cut Tags

No cut tags
Page generated Jan. 11th, 2026 05:58 am
Powered by Dreamwidth Studios