Генетические основы национально-освободительных движений

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Прочёл очень интересную статью про экономические приложения эволюционной психологии.

Так вот: у "территориальных" животных "владелец" в большинстве случаев отстаивает своё право на территорию, даже, если он слабее "захватчика". Потому как генетически заложено, что за свою территорию животное будет драться с гораздо более яростно, чем за чужую.

It has long been known that some species of animals exhibit territorial behavior. An individual fish, bird, or mammal in some way claims a particular territory for his own and attacks other members of his species that trespass on it. Even if the trespasser is somewhat larger and stronger than the claimant, the claimant usually wins such conflicts—at some point the trespasser retreats.

The logic of the situation is straightforward. Unless the trespasser is much stronger a fight to the death is a losing game for both parties, since even the winner risks substantial injury. The claimant has somehow committed himself to fight more fiercely the closer the trespasser gets to the center of the territory. The trespasser, recognizing that commitment, eventually backs down and retreats. Presumably the commitment is accomplished through a behavior pattern hard-wired into the psychology of a territorial species.

A different way of putting this is that territorial animals exhibit an endowment effect—each individual will fight much harder to keep his territory than he will to conquer someone else’s territory. The effect is not limited to real estate. It is a familiar observation that a dog will fight harder to keep his own bone than to take another dog’s bone.

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